From the title of this paper, one might be puzzled by the fact that the whole discussion of the paper connotes only one single morpheme. The truth of the matter is that this morpheme plays a very important role in Arabic language. I would like to verify that most of the examples cited in this paper to explain the types of “ma” in Arabic language were drawn from the Holy Qur’an for the following reasons:Firstly, the Qur’an is the most authentic literature ever written in ArabicSecondly, the Qur’an was revealed in a highly standard Arabic Language spoken by the time of its revelation and still maintains this position up till date. Thirdly, to draw the attention of the audience to the beauty of the language of the Qur’an.Fourthly, to urge the audience to make researches on Arabic language through the media of the language of the Holy Qur’an.
Although it is not only the Qur’an contains “ma” in numerous instances, but also the Hadith (the tradition of the Prophet Muhammad P.B.U.H.) and the other Arabic literary works. But let us examine the use of “ma” as it occurs in the Qur’an and see how frequently it is urged. One may not be in position to give a certain figure as regards various occurrences of “ma” in the Qur’an. However, we can simply look at Surah al-Baqrah (2) [1] which contains 286 ‘ayah [2] and to what extent “ma” appears in it. In this Surah “ma” occurred about 229 times and the Surah is only about 330 of the Qur’an. In order to realize the importance of the use of “ma” semantically, we could see that in aya 102 of the said Surah “ma” is used ten times, although it is not take longest ‘ayah of the Surah, while in the ‘ayah 282 of the Surah, which is not only the longest ‘ayah of the Surah, but the longest ‘ayah of the whole Qur’an, we see that “ma” is only used two times. All this shows us that “ma” has a broad semantic usage in the Arabic language [3].
By virtue of the nature of the Arabic language which is an inflecting language, the early grammarians tried their hardest to locate morphemes that precede other morphemes and consequently the changes occur in the morphemes or words which have been preceded. And they found that “ma” is among those morphemes. So, they tried to suggest some reasonable semantic and syntactic applications when parsing a sentence which contains the morpheme “ma”. In order to give justice to this paper, let us now proceed to the main theme of the paper and see how “ma” functions. When we observe carefully the semantic application of “ma” it could be seen that sometimes it takes over the function of a particle for this reason it is called particle “ma” (ma al-har-fiyyah).
- Ma al-ma’arifah - Definite nominal “ma”
- Ma al-nakirah al-mudhaminah - Indefinite “ma” with nuancing muhammad al-huruf
- Ma al-nakirah al-mujarrah min ma’ana al-huruf - Indefinite “ma” with connection to particles
Ma’ al-harfiyyah is also divided into three categories: Negative “ma”; ma al-nafiyah. A particle “ma”. Infinitive “ma”; “ma” al-masdariyyah Redundant “ma”; “ma” al-za’idah. Each of these categories is sub-divided into many types. The above divisions are the main divisions of “ma” according to the early grammarians. But in order to make easy the study of “ma” in this paper, the following is the way I divided the use of “ma” in Arabic language.
Aplicări concrete: tipuri diferite de „ma” și exemple
Definite Nominal “ma” practice: “ma” al-ismiyyah al-ma’arifah. Defective Relative “ma” al-naqisiyyah al-mausuliyah. Defective Relative “ma” is so called because it needs a complemented clause like “ma” any relative pronoun, example: Ma’indakum yanfadu wa ma inda Allahi baqin. Translation: What you have will be exhausted and what Allah has swill remain. This type of “ma” is used for ‘things’, things here mean is anything other than human beings. But it can be used for human beings in the following way: When the meaning of the content comprises human beings and other things, example: Wa Allahi yasjudu ma fi al-ssammaurati wa ma fi al arde min dabbati’in wa al-mala’ikatu wa hum la yastakbrirun. Translation: And unto Allah makath prostration whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth of living creatures, and the angels (also) and they are not proud.
Complete general “ma” ‘ma” al-tamah al-amah - The sign is that there is no noun before it to qualify with the clause of “ma” as in: In tubdu al-sadaqati fani’imma hiya. Translation: If you publicize your alms giving it is well. “Ma” here is interpreted into “the things” as in “the things in good” which refers to the publicizing, which means that the publicizing is good.
Complete Specific “ma”. Al-tamah al-khasah - Complete specific “ma” refers to its antecedent noun wherever a “ma” comes after a verbal noun in a sentence, this “ma” will be regarded as a specific one. Example: Ghasaltuhu ghuslan ma ay fanni’ima al-ghuslu. Translation: I wash it a perfect wash, which means, what a washing! The “ma” here is translated into “what a good washing”.
Complete “ma” used in exaggerating statement: “Ma” lilmubalaghah fi al-akhbar - Example: Inna Zaydan mimma an yaktuba. Translation: Really Zayd is from what he is writing. The sentence exaggerates the quality attributed to Zayd’s writing.
Indefinite Nominal “ma” which has the meaning of particle - Ma al-nakirah al-mudhaminah ma’ana al-kharf - Interrogative “ma” ma al-istifhamiyyah: What is your name? Example from the Holy Qur’an: Ma launuha? Translation: What colour is it?
Non-adverbial conditional “ma” - Ma taf’alu min khayrin ya lamhuy Allahu Translation: And whatsoever good ye do Allah know it. The construction often places two verbs in the jussive state.
Adverbial conditional “ma” - Ma taquluna ma la taf’aluna Translation: Why ye say that which ye do not? This category requires two verbs in jussive mood to express a conditional flow.
Negative particle “ma” - Ma al-nafiyah - Two subtypes: functional negative “ma” and non-functional negative “ma”. “Ma” which does the function of “laysa” and “Ma” al-amilah amalu laysa.
In the above outline, the synthesis shows how frequent and diverse is the morpheme “ma” in Arabic, especially as it appears in Qur’anic contexts, and how it governs the semantics of entire phrases, sentences and sometimes clauses. The depth of analysis here also helps illuminate how we understand the concept of authority in a broader linguistic and cultural frame, since “ma” functions shape the way statements about authority are formed, negated, queried or emphasized.
Partea finală reiterează conexiunea dintre morfemul „ma” și utilizările sale în înțelegerea autorității în texte arabe, evidențiind cum modul în care se structurează enunțuri poate spune multe despre puterea, privilegiul și prestigiu în discursuri. De la întrebări la afirmații, de la negații la exhortări, utilizarea lui „ma” stabileste tonalitatea și gradul de acuzație sau acceptare în discursul despre autoritate în literatura arabă.
CINCI utilizări complet diferite ale MA (ما)
În concluzie, studiul morfemului „ma” din arabă, în special în contextul Qur’anului, oferă o înțelegere aprofundată a modului în care limba poate configura relațiile de putere, autoritate și semnificație în comunicare.
Posibilă tabelă de date
| Categorie „ma” | Funcție | Exemplu |
|---|---|---|
| Ma al-ismiyyah al-ma’arifah | Nominal definit | Ma’indakum yanfadu wa ma inda Allahi baqin |
| Ma al-nafiyah | Negativă | Ma la taf’aluna |
| Ma al-istifhamiyyah | Interogativă | Ma launuha? (Ce culoare are?) |
tags: #mc #in #authorities #no #kaze #suzeta
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